آردوینو Pro Mini
|
|
||
| آردوینو Pro Mini نمای مقابل | آردوینو Pro Mini نمای پشت |
معرفی
برد آردوینو مدل Pro Mini یک برد میکروکنترلر بر پایه ATmega168 می باشد (datasheet). این برد دارای 14 پین دیجیتال ورودی/خروجی (که 6 تای آن می تواند به عنوان خروجی PWM استفاده شود)، 8 ورودی آنالوگ، یک تشدید کننده (resonator)، یک دکمه ریست و نیز حفره هایی جهت سوار شدن pin header ها می باشد. یک pin header شش پینه می تواند به یک کابل FTDI یا برد USB-to_serial شش پینه متصل شود تا پاور USB و اتصال به برد را فراهم نماید.
آردوینو مدل Pro Mini جهت نصب نیمه دائمی روی اشیا یا استفاده در محصولات قابل ارائه در نظر گرفته شده است. این برد بدون header های از پیش نصب شده می آید، که استفاده از انواع مختلفی از کانکتورها یا لحیم کاری مستقیم سیم ها را مقدور می سازد. چینش پین ها در این برد مطابق با آردوینو Mini است.
دو نسخه از آردوینو Pro Mini موجود است. یکی با ولتاژ 3.3 ولت و فرکانس 8 مگاهرتز، و دیگری با ولتاژ 5 ولت و فرکانس 16 مگاهرتز کار می کند.
این برد توسط SparkFun Electronics طراحی و ساخته شده است.
شماتیک و طرح مرجع
EAGLE files: arduino-pro-mini-reference-design.zip
Schematic: Arduino-Pro-Mini-schematic.pdf
خلاصه
| میکروکنترلر | ATmega168 |
| ولتاژ عملیاتی | 3.3 ولت یا 5 ولت (بستگی به مدل برد دارد.) |
| ولتاژ ورودی | 12 -3.35 ولت (مدل 3.3 ولتی) یا 12 - 5 ولت (مدل 5 ولتی) |
| پین های دیجیتال ورودی/خروجی | 14 (که 6 تای ان خروجی PWM را فراهم می کند.) |
| پین های ورودی آنالوگ | 8 |
| جریان DC در هر پین ورودی/خروجی | 40 میلی آمپر |
| حافظه فلش | 16 کیلوبایت (که 2 کیلوبایت آن توسط bootloader استفاده شده است.) |
| SRAM | 1 کیلوبایت |
| EEPROM | 512 بایت |
| سرعت ساعت | 8 مگاهرتز (مدل 3.3 ولتی) یا 16 مگاهرتز (مدل 5 ولتی) |
Power
The Arduino Pro Mini can be powered with an FTDI cable or breakout board connected to its six pin header, or with a regulated 3.3V or 5V supply (depending on the model) on the Vcc pin. There is a voltage regulator on board so it can accept voltage up to 12VDC. If you're supplying unregulated power to the board, be sure to connect to the "RAW" pin on not VCC.
The power pins are as follows:
- RAW. For supplying a raw voltage to the board.
- VCC. The regulated 3.3 or 5 volt supply.
- GND. Ground pins.
Memory
The ATmega168 has 16 KB of flash memory for storing code (of which 2 KB is used for the bootloader). It has 1 KB of SRAM and 512 bytes of EEPROM (which can be read and written with the EEPROM library).
Input and Output
Each of the 14 digital pins on the Pro Mini can be used as an input or output, using pinMode(), digitalWrite(), and digitalRead() functions. They operate at 3.3 or 5 volts (depending on the model). Each pin can provide or receive a maximum of 40 mA and has an internal pull-up resistor (disconnected by default) of 20-50 kOhms. In addition, some pins have specialized functions:
- Serial: 0 (RX) and 1 (TX). Used to receive (RX) and transmit (TX) TTL serial data. These pins are connected to the TX-0 and RX-1 pins of the six pin header.
- External Interrupts: 2 and 3. These pins can be configured to trigger an interrupt on a low value, a rising or falling edge, or a change in value. See the attachInterrupt() function for details.
- PWM: 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, and 11. Provide 8-bit PWM output with the analogWrite() function.
- SPI: 10 (SS), 11 (MOSI), 12 (MISO), 13 (SCK). These pins support SPI communication, which, although provided by the underlying hardware, is not currently included in the Arduino language.
- LED: 13. There is a built-in LED connected to digital pin 13. When the pin is HIGH value, the LED is on, when the pin is LOW, it's off.
The Pro Mini has 8 analog inputs, each of which provide 10 bits of resolution (i.e. 1024 different values). Four of them are on the headers on the edge of the board; two (inputs 4 and 5) on holes in the interior of the board. The analog inputs measure from ground to VCC. Additionally, some pins have specialized functionality:
- I2C: A4 (SDA) and A5 (SCL). Support I2C (TWI) communication using the Wire library.
There is another pin on the board:
- Reset. Bring this line LOW to reset the microcontroller. Typically used to add a reset button to shields which block the one on the board.
See also the mapping between Arduino pins and ATmega168 ports.
Communication
The Arduino Pro Mini has a number of facilities for communicating with a computer, another Arduino, or other microcontrollers. The ATmega168 provides UART TTL serial communication, which is available on digital pins 0 (RX) and 1 (TX). The Arduino software includes a serial monitor which allows simple textual data to be sent to and from the Arduino board via a USB connection.
A SoftwareSerial library allows for serial communication on any of the Pro Mini's digital pins.
The ATmega168 also supports I2C (TWI) and SPI communication. The Arduino software includes a Wire library to simplify use of the I2C bus; see the reference for details. To use the SPI communication, please see the ATmega168 datasheet.
Programming
The Arduino Pro Mini can be programmed with the Arduino software (download). For details, see the reference and tutorials.
The ATmega168 on the Arduino Pro Mini comes preburned with a bootloader that allows you to upload new code to it without the use of an external hardware programmer. It communicates using the original STK500 protocol (reference, C header files).
You can also bypass the bootloader and program the ATmega168 with an external programmer; see these instructions for details.
Automatic (Software) Reset
Rather then requiring a physical press of the reset button before an upload, the Arduino Pro Mini is designed in a way that allows it to be reset by software running on a connected computer. One of the pins on the six-pin header is connected to the reset line of the ATmega168 via a 100 nanofarad capacitor. This pin connects to one of the hardware flow control lines of the USB-to-serial convertor connected to the header: RTS when using an FTDI cable, DTR when using the Sparkfun breakout board. When this line is asserted (taken low), the reset line drops long enough to reset the chip. The Arduino software uses this capability to allow you to upload code by simply pressing the upload button in the Arduino environment. This means that the bootloader can have a shorter timeout, as the lowering of the reset line can be well-coordinated with the start of the upload.
This setup has other implications. When the Pro Mini is connected to either a computer running Mac OS X or Linux, it resets each time a connection is made to it from software (via USB). For the following half-second or so, the bootloader is running on the Pro. While it is programmed to ignore malformed data (i.e. anything besides an upload of new code), it will intercept the first few bytes of data sent to the board after a connection is opened. If a sketch running on the board receives one-time configuration or other data when it first starts, make sure that the software with which it communicates waits a second after opening the connection and before sending this data.
Physical Characteristics
The dimensions of the Pro Mini PCB are approximately 0.7" x 1.3".